Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

The Crisis of the Self-Metaphysics and Science-Existentialism and the Self-Failure of Identity in Practice-Dualism and the Soul-The Meaning of Representation-Why Platonism?-Modern Accounts of Platonism-Summary

1•Soul as Separable Entity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Some Early Ideas of Identity-The Alcibiades Argument-Why Soul is Thought to be Immortal-

Answers to Possible Objections-The Principle of Self-Motion-Criticisms of Self-Motion-The

Two Accounts of the Soul; Their Inner Relation; Circular Motion

2•The Psycho-Physical Complex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Personal Identity in Neoplatonism-Soul and Matter-Some Plotinian Arguments-An Anticipation of a Kantian Argument-Soul and Infinity-The Concept of Self-Memory and the Temporal Person-Soul-Body Interaction-Intelligence and Individuation-Can There be a Form

of the Individual?-Form, Individual, and Person-How Far the Self is Empirical-Plotinus and Monism

3•Soul and Identity in St. Augustine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

The Relevance of Augustine's Idea of Identity-Exemption from Magnitude-Growth without Extension-Sensation as Psychical Activity-Whether the Soul Can be Divisible

-Self-Knowledge as Index of Spirituality-Sources of the Cogito Argument in St. Augustine-Some Consequences of the Augustinian Cogito Argument-Knowledge of Eternal Truths-Summary

4 • Substance, Individuation, and Plenitude. . . . . . . . . . . .133

Personal Identity according to Leibniz-An Answer to Locke: Innate Ideas-Eternal Truths and Identity-Eternal Truths and God-Self as Unique Monad-The Principle of Individuation-A Criticism of Self-Individuation-Whether Monads Can Interact-Neoplatonic Comparisons

5 •An Empirical Account of Identity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

The Subject from a Different Point of View-Identity in Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding-Material and Spirit