{"title":"Filosofia Da Linguagem","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"what-is-meaning","title":"What Is Meaning?","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe tradition descending from Frege and Russell has typically treated theories of meaning either as theories of meanings (propositions expressed), or as theories of truth conditions. However, propositions of the classical sort don't exist, and truth conditions can't provide all the information required by a theory of meaning. In this book, one of the world's leading philosophers of language offers a way out of this dilemma.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  Traditionally conceived, propositions are denizens of a \"third realm\" beyond mind and matter, \"grasped\" by mysterious Platonic intuition. As conceived here, they are cognitive-event types in which agents predicate properties and relations of things--in using language, in perception, and in nonlinguistic thought. Because of this, one's acquaintance with, and knowledge of, propositions is acquaintance with, and knowledge of, events of one's cognitive life. This view also solves the problem of \"the unity of the proposition\" by explaining how propositions can be genuinely representational, and therefore bearers of truth. The problem, in the traditional conception, is that sentences, utterances, and mental states are representational because of the relations they bear to inherently representational Platonic complexes of universals and particulars. Since we have no way of understanding how such structures can be representational, independent of interpretations placed on them by agents, the problem is unsolvable when so conceived. However, when propositions are taken to be cognitive-event types, the order of explanation is reversed and a natural solution emerges. Propositions are representational because they are constitutively related to inherently representational cognitive acts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  Strikingly original, \u003ci\u003eWhat Is Meaning?\u003c\/i\u003e is a major advance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52635670970735,"sku":"9780691156392","price":181.36,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/0691156395.jpg?v=1770212136"},{"product_id":"explanatory-models-in-linguistics","title":"Explanatory Models in Linguistics","description":"\u003cp\u003ePere Julia questions the recourse of contemporary linguists, psycholinguists, and philosophers to an idealized speaker-listener and maintains that there is no way to be sure of the organizing principles for linguistic data other than going to the sources of these data, i.e., speakers, listeners, and the circumstances under which they interact in actual situations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally published in 1983.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ePrinceton Legacy Library\u003c\/b\u003e uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. 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These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52636037644655,"sku":"9780691609782","price":357.86,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/0691609780.jpg?v=1770232253"},{"product_id":"language-paradox-poetics","title":"Language-Paradox-Poetics","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn attempting to define a \"poetics of paradox\" from a traditional Chinese standpoint, James Liu explores through a comparative approach linguistic, textual, and interpretive problems of relevance to Western literary criticism. Liu's study evolves from a paradoxical view--originating from early Confucian and Daoist philosophical texts--that the less is \"said\" in poetry, the more is \"meant.\" Such a view implied the existence of paradox in the very use of language and led traditional Chinese hermeneutics to a study of \"metaparadox\"--the use of language to explicate texts the meaning of which transcends language itself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs Liu illustrates elements of traditional Chinese hermeneutics with examples of poetic and critical works, he makes comparisons with the works of such Western literary figures as Shakespeare, Mallarme, Pound, Ionesco, Derrida, and Shepard. The comparisons bring to light a crucial difference in conceptualization of language: Chinese critics, especially those influenced by Daoism and Buddhism, seem to have held a deitic view of language (language points to things), whereas Western critics seem to have thought of language as primarily mimetic (language represents things). Liu examines the consequences of these views, showing how both offer insights into the \"meaning\" of text and to what extent both have led to a \"metaparadox of interpretation.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally published in 1988.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ePrinceton Legacy Library\u003c\/b\u003e uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. 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The Lockean theory, he argues, cannot adequately explain the nature of the general concepts that words are supposed to express. In developing this theme, Gauker investigates a wide range of topics, including Locke's own views, contemporary theories of conceptual development, the nature of reference and logical validity, the nature of psychological explanation, and the division of epistemic labor in society.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Lockean theory contrasts with the conception of language as the medium of a distinctive kind of thinking. Gauker explains how language, so conceived, is possible as a means of cooperative interaction. He articulates the possibility and objectivity of a kind of non-conceptual thinking about similarities and causal relations, which allows him to explain how a simple language might be learned. He then takes on the problem of logical structure and gives a formally precise account of logical validity formulated in terms of \"assertibility in a context\" rather than in terms of truth. Finally, he describes the role that attributions of belief and meaning play in facilitating cooperative interaction. With lucid and persuasive arguments, his book challenges philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and logicians to rethink their fundamental assumptions about the nature of language.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally published in 1994.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ePrinceton Legacy Library\u003c\/b\u003e uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. 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It promptly established itself as a classic in the philosophy of language and has held that position ever since. With many examples from a vast multitude of languages, from Sanskrit to Delaware Indian, the author shows how character and structure of a language expresses the inner life and knowledge of its speakers and how their intellectual development is in turn shaped by their language.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"University of Pennsylvania Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52653523272047,"sku":"9780812210286","price":142.16,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/081221028X.jpg?v=1770733159"},{"product_id":"concept-audits","title":"Concept Audits","description":"\u003cp\u003eConcept Audits explores the obligation of philosophers to honor the existing meanings of terms and concepts such as knowledge, truth, justice, and fairness. 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