{"title":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"guia-breve-para-el-pensamiento-critico","title":"Guía Breve para el Pensamiento Crítico","description":"\u003cp\u003eLo primero es pensar con claridad; después, escribir con claridad. La \u003cem\u003eGuía breve para el pensamiento crítico\u003c\/em\u003e lo ayudará a desarrollar las habilidades necesarias para razonar bien en sus estudios y en la vida cotidiana. Incluye cientos de ejemplos claros, divertidos y detallados que lo ayudarán a analizar argumentos y tomar mejores decisiones. La \u003cem\u003eGuía breve para el pensamiento crítico\u003c\/em\u003e es perfecta como libro de texto para cursos de pensamiento crítico, pero cualquiera que lo lea por sí mismo podrá razonar y escribir mejor.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67617593688431,"sku":"9781938421365","price":119.09,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/1938421361.jpg?v=1790679974"},{"product_id":"computability","title":"Computability","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe classic presentation of the theory of computable functions in the context of the foundations of mathematics. Part I motivates the study of computability with discussions and readings about the crisis in the foundations of mathematics in the early 20th century, while presenting the basic ideas of whole number, function, proof, and real number. Part II starts with readings from Turing and Post leading to the formal theory of recursive functions. Part III presents sufficient formal logic to give a full development of Gödel's incompleteness theorems. Part IV considers the significance of the technical work with a discussion of Church's Thesis and readings on the foundations of mathematics. This new edition contains the timeline \"Computability and Undecidability\" as well as the essay \"On mathematics\".\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67645952262511,"sku":"9780981550725","price":328.7,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/098155072X.jpg?v=1790868595"},{"product_id":"stoic-logic","title":"Stoic Logic","description":"\u003cp\u003eBenson Mates (1919-2009) received his B.A. at the University of Oregon in 1941.  His graduate study at Cornell University was interrupted by the Second World War, and he completed his Ph.D. studies at the University of California, Berkeley in 1948.  Quoting the obituary written by Barry\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStroud and Hans Sluga, Mates \"made lasting contributions to philosophy, the history of philosophy, the history of logic, and the understanding of antiquity.  His work was of the highest order: clear, precise, illuminating, thoroughly reliable, and always at the highest level of logical and philological expertise.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHis Stoic Logic, based on his Ph.D. thesis, first published in 1953 and then reprinted in 1973 with a new preface, \"was one of the first works to open the way for serious study and proper appreciation of the Stoics as philosophers and logicians.  Greater sophistication in mathematical logic made it possible for Benson to demonstrate clearly for the first time the intricate ways in which the logical ideas of the Stoics were well in advance of those of Aristotle and in many respects closer to our own.  The book remains a landmark in both fields.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Advanced Reasoning Forum is pleased to make available this exact reproduction of the 1973 text in its Classic Reprints series.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67647323210095,"sku":"9781938421143","price":171.93,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/1938421140.jpg?v=1790891380"},{"product_id":"propositional-logics-third-edition","title":"Propositional Logics Third Edition","description":"\u003cp\u003ePropositional Logics presents the history, philosophy, and mathematics of the major systems of propositional logic.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClassical logic, modal logics, many-valued logics, intuitionism, paraconsistent logics, and dependent implication are examined in separate chapters.  Each begins with a motivation in the originators' own terms, followed by the standard formal semantics, syntax, and completeness theorem.  The chapters on the various logics are largely self-contained so that the book can be used as a reference.  An appendix summarizes the formal semantics and axiomatizations of the logics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe view that unifies the exposition is that propositional logics comprise a spectrum.  As the aspect of propositions under consideration varies, the logic varies.  Each logic is shown to fall naturally within a general framework for semantics.  A theory of translations between logics is presented that allows for further comparisons, and necessary conditions are given for a translation to preserve meaning.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor this third edition the material has been re-organized to make the text easier to study, and a new section on paraconsistent logics with simple semantics has been added which challenges standard views on the nature of consequence relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe text includes worked examples and hundreds of exercises, from routine to open problems, making the book with its clear and careful exposition ideal for courses or individual study.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67650533851503,"sku":"9780983452164","price":268.66,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/0983452164.jpg?v=1790932743"},{"product_id":"algebraizable-logics","title":"Algebraizable Logics","description":"\u003cp\u003eW. J. Blok and Don Pigozzi set out to try to answer the question of what it means for a logic to have algebraic semantics.  In this seminal book they transformed the study of algebraic logic by giving a general framework for the study of logics by algebraic means.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Dutch mathematician W. J. Blok (1947-2003) received his doctorate from the University of Amsterdam in 1979 and was Professor of Mathematics at the University of Illinois, Chicago until his death in an automobile accident.  Don Pigozzi (1935- ) grew up in Oakland, California, received his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley in 1970, and was Professor of Mathematics at Iowa State University until his retirement in 2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Advanced Reasoning Forum is pleased to make available in its Classic Reprints series this exact reproduction of the 1989 text, with a new errata sheet prepared by Don Pigozzi.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Advanced Reasoning Forum","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":67650565767535,"sku":"9781938421181","price":98.4,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0921\/9384\/9711\/files\/1938421183.jpg?v=1790933646"}],"url":"https:\/\/internacional.umlivro.com.br\/collections\/advanced-reasoning-forum.oembed","provider":"UmLivro Internacional","version":"1.0","type":"link"}